English - PIE

Indo-European Roots

English - PIE

This is a first draft, based on Bird’s summary of Pokorny.

Bird claims to have all Pokorny’s fundamental roots (i.e., without extensions).

This list was designed for computer processing, with one symbol per phoneme. This means I have had to use some unorthodox symbols. Note the following:

Capital consonant = aspiration (so T = t^h, D = d^h etc)

Capital vowel = long vowel (Pokorny does not recognise laryngeals)

@ = schwa

and in particular:

c = k’ j = g’ J = g’^h

q = k^w z = g^w Z = g^wh

(Note this use of ‘z’ : it is illogical, but I can think of no better symbol)

If this list is of any use to members, I will rewrite it in more conventional terms.

to abhor; detest leit

to be able gal

to be able maG

abscess GenD

abscess elkos

to abuse neid

across; through (s)kerts

to act cautiously tAd

to act secretly GeuJ

active; healthy swento

to accustom oneself euk

to be afraid BOi

to be afraid nA

agape lem

ah a

to aim; go straight sEiD

to aim; calculate del

alder tree klADrA

alone kai

along an

alongside kom

and kai

and (enclitic) qe

animals with armour kmer

to announce cens

to anoint onz

ant morwi

apart wA

apart; in two wi

to appear; see qec

apple abel

to apportion Bag

to apportion nem

arm keis

arm kroksko

arm dOus

around, both amBi

to arrange rek

to be ashamed aiZ

ash tree Os

aside; one's own se

to ask perc

to ask for ZeD

aspen tree apsa

to assail; assault nEik

astonishment bata

to be astonished DaB

at ad

to attach seg

to attack wei

to attack jlei

to attain; gain ktEi

to atend, pay attention keu

to be aware of aw

aversion od

to awaken BeuD

to be aware of Gow

away, off apo

aweful Gou-ros

awl ElA

axe agwsi

baa bE

babbling baba

backside ers

backside; rump prOcto

bald; bare kl@wo

bald; naked gal

bald; naked plEi

bale kwel@k

ball of dung; pill sper

bank of river apero

barb; tip gloG

barley alBi

barley Bares

barley Jersd

barren ster

to bathe twak

to be es

beaker kel

beam Bru

beam GrenD

beam Bel

beam wanc

beam; building treb

beam; board sel

beams kred

to beam erq

to beam Jer

bean BaBA

bear rktos

to bear, give birth to seu

to bear, produce tek

to bear, have young kat

to bear children pid

beard BarDa

beautiful kal

to beautify meng

bee Bei

beech tree BAgos

beech, white beech grEBos

beer, bitter alu

behind JO

behold En

to belch reub

to bellow reu

belly udero

below upo

below ner

to bend gEu

to bend kleng

to bend wat

to bend seu

to bend keu

to bend prA

to bend GeG

to bend Geub

to bend ank

to bend Beug

to bend gEi

to bend leug

to bend wek

to bend weik

to bend kamp

to bend nem

to bend leng

to bend lenk

to bend (s)kel

to bend, to crook BeD

to bend; crook (s)kamb

to bend; elbow el

to bend; swing sweng

to bend; turn swei

to bend, turn (s)ker

to bend, turn (s)kerB

to bend, vault kamer

to be bent w@k

to be bent weng

to be bent wenG

to become bent Jwel

berry (type of) DerG

beside; outside Be

beyond eti

beyond al

beyond ati

beyond per

big mE

big mej

to bind rec

bird-song titi

bird-call (type of) epop

bird-cry tutu

bird awi

bird (blackbird) ames

bird (water-bird) arod

bird (large) (s)piko

bird of prey BAso

bite kem@

to bite denc

to bite jemB

biting insects maT

bitter aitros

bitter plant alu

bitter taste BrOisqo

black swordos

blackbird kopso

to blacken; spot mer

blackberry moro

to blame lek

to bleat blE

to bleat mek

blemish agos

blind, dark anDo

to become bloated Blez

blood esr(z)

blood clot kreu

to bloom Dal

to blow pes

to blow aw

to blow peis

to blow softly pesd

to blow up Bel

to blow up bu

to blow up pu

to blow up Blei

to blow up Bleu

blue (s)li

blue; plant dye moDro

to bluster Breus

body-part kocsA

body-part srEno

body part (curved) Groud

bond; bundle Basko

bone ost

body; form krep

to bore, stab neJ

to bore through terd

bottom of water ten@gos

to bow; incline cel

bowel Jer

bowels orew

bow-wow bau

branch; bough JeB

branch; pale JeG

branch cAk

branch osdos

branches gwes

to break leuj

to break wrEj

to break; grind DreB

to break to pieces lem

to break in ner

to break wind perd

to break Brej

to break to pieces Breus

breath Et-men

to breathe Bes

to breathe an

bright jel

bright ZEi

bright (s)kAi

brightly coloured Drono

bright; reddish ei

to bring Brenk

to bring,carry Ber

to bristle cers

broad; flat plAk

broad; flat plat

broad; flat pel@

brother BrEter

brother-in-law syE(u)ro

brother-in-law swelo

brown (dark), grey cei

to bubble up yes

bulb bol

bump bamb

butterfat selp

to bubble up BlEd

to bubble up mer@D

to buckle at the knees kwelp

bud; twig osGo

to build dem

to bulge Bren

bull; cow zou

bullock, young ox mosJos

bump; swelling enz

bunch (s)keup

burden enos

to burn senk

to burn ai

to burn aiD

to burn al

to burn eus

to burn wer

to burn csA

to burn teg

to burn dAu

to burn Bleu

to burn ker

to burn DeZ

to burn; injure kenk

to burn; smoulder greus

to burn; be warm pel

burning; heat; anger leto

to burst Bres

to burst neB

butter, milk Gerto

buttock; back nOt

buttock; hip clouni

to buy qrei

to buy; sell wes

to buzz swer

to buzz; hum Berem

calf of leg sO(u)ra

to call gou

to call Jau

to call aik

to call wap

to call Gel

to call kel

to call gar

to call gal

to call; praise neu

to call; cry wab

to call; resound Jlad

to call hoarsely ger

calm; silent taus

to care; trouble swerG

carp copelos

to carve smEi

to cast off merj

to catch sight of prep

to be caught kal

to celebrate cwen

to chatter (birds) tetr

to cheer up rEd

to change meit

to change mei

to change meiz

to chatter wap

to chatter GaGA

chequered cerbero

cherry ker

to chew menT

to chew g(y)eu

to chew, grind qera

chin(bone) jenu

chin; beard smek

chin-bone kerno

to choose op

to clamber (s)reiG

to clash; fall kreu

clear, bright aisk

clear, pure pougo

cleft, hollow kaiwrt

to climb, stride steiG

to close in ai

to close in twenJ

to clothe wes

cloud (dark) aGl(u)

clucking koko

copious; much menG

coagulated senDro

coagulated DerB

to coagulate steu@

coal ong

to collapse GrEu

to collect les

to collect ger

to cook peq

cold; warm cel

cold oug

cold; frost srig

colour (type of) cEro

colour (type of) el

colour (dark) mel

colour (dark) ereB

colour (light) BlEwos

colour(dirty) kers

to come forth mel

to come forth, freshly ken

companion Epi

to complain zei

to concern oneself with sep

concubine parikA

to condense stAi

to contract tenk

to cook eP

to copulate eiB

corner kanTo

corpse; destruction nec

to cough qAs

to cover sced

to cover (s)keu

to cover; conceal cem

to cover; hide (s)kep

to cover; roof; house (s)teg

cow lAp

cow wakA

cracking sound kAk

to crawl rEp

to crawl lej

creaking koi

cream reuGmen

creator; producer sUs

to creep; crawl serp

to creep; crawl sel

crooked pandos

crops sasyo

to crouch down teup

to crumble Dreu

to crumble greus

to cry, make wild noises (s)trep

cuckoo kuku

to be curved w@g

to cut sek

to cut skEut

to cut ces

to cut (s)nerb

to cut sneit

to cut BrEi

to cut Breu

to cut gleuB

to cut BereD

to cut (s)kel

to cut (s)ker

to cut Jel

to cut twerc

to cut laG

to cut te

to cut, injure laiD

to cut in (s)naD

to cut off leu

to cut, prick swer

to cut, separate skei

daddy tata

daddy appa

to damage aq

to damage kad

damp welk

damp rej

damp meu

damp klep

damp; wet mano

damp; wet lat

damp; water eneB

to be damp grem

to dampen wez

to dampen; wet wes

to dampen; wet mak

to dangle cenk

to dare nant

to dare Ders

dark tem(@)

dark qsep

dark rE

dark; unclear neuk

darkness rezos

daughter DugAter

daughter-in-law snusos

day aJer

day amer

day(light) ayer

death; corpse nAu

to deceive wel

to deceive DreuG

deep; hollow Deub

deer york

deer Bren-to-s

to defecate kakka

deformed (s)cem

dense dens

to be depressed aG

to desire GeiD

to desire GeiJ

to desire leip

to desire GelD

to desire Jer

to desire; lust for neuD

to destroy ol(e)

to destroy el

diaphragm; mind Zren

to die mer

to dig DelB

to dig DemB

to dig yam

dim; reddish BlenD

to dip into tap

dirt sreup

dirt Der

dirt Derder

dirt leu

dirt zorzor

dirt nsi

to disappear lei

to disappear; die Jeu

dish qer

to dispatch sEi

to dispute BEG

to disturb mer

to dive zaD

to dive under skenD

to dive down mesg

to dive in zEB

to divide dA

dizziness; madness wOro

dog cwon

dog; animal of prey wlp

door Dwer

doorpost an@ta

to doubt, be in doubt conk

down au

to draw; scoop aus

to draw; scoop sem

to draw lots kaus

to dress eu

dread; horror mormo(ro)

dreadful gar@j

dream oner

to dribble cik

to dribble del

to dribble; drip leg

to drink pOi

to drip sresk

to drip zel

to drip sei

to drip; wet mad

to drive aj

to drive el

to drive kel

to drive; thrust DreiB

to drive; wound Jei

to drone; bark Berg

drop (of liquid) band

droplet spako

dry csero

dry saus

to dry out (s)kel

to dry; thirst ters

duck an@t

to duck down leud

to dumbfound kEl

dung ceq

dung sker(d)

dung zOu

dung cuD

dung; dark liquid (s)ter

dust; sand pEs

dwarf-like DwerG

to dwindle (s)wenD

to dwindle swi

to dye reg

eagle er

ear Ous

earth er

earth; floor Jdem

to eat ac

to eat ed

to eat Gos

to eat; jaw; mouth jep

to eat (of animals) gras

edge Breu

edge; hem leisd

edge; frontier merej

egg O(w)yom

eiderduck Eti

eight octo(u)

elbow; forearm BAGus

elevation; head melOD

elm winj

elm reus

to embrace JerD

to embrace; bind twak

empty cen

to empty teus

to be empty; leave JE

to encourage Beidh

enclosure saip

enough sA

to envelop gel

to enjoy Beug

to enjoy; fruit Brug

to endure (s)teiZ

to be ensnared Brenc

to entrust creB

even; good Bili

evening wesperos

evil; bad; mis- dus

to be excited ya

to be excited nei

to be excited; better wAt

to excite; rouse yeuj

to explore peu

to extinguish zes

eyebrow Bru

fabric (woven) pan

fabric; spun yarn ruk

to fall Pol

to fall keid

to fall cad

to fall; sink senz

false Gawo

far off qel

fast; violent cEiB

fast; violent cEiG

fat; think tegu

to be fat; swarm pey(@)

father pAter

father, food pap(p)a

favourable sel

fear perg

to feast wes

to fear dwei

to feed pen

to feed pA

to feel eu

fence of stakes eD

to ferment kwat

fetlock rksA

to fight; struggle cat

to fill up perk

to find des

to find; take wer

finger zistis

fingernail; toenail onoG

fire at(e)r

fire pewOr

fire egnis

firm pasto

fish peisk

fish Jdu

fish (type of) ati

fish (type of) mni

fist pnksti

to fit, suit ar

to fit well kob

five penqe

to fix; suit DaB

to fix ad

to fix pak

to fix mei

to be fixed Gais

to flame; burn BOk

flat tel

to be flat lEp

flat of hand Den

to flow sreu

flea blou

to flee Beug

flesh; meat mEmso

to flicker meis

to flicker mer

to flicker; blink meiG

flock; feather pleuk

to flow away ered

to flow eres

to flow snA

to flow; fluid dA

to flow weis

to flow; stream neid

fly; gnat mu

to fly like dust Dem

to fly about Deu

to fly about Dews

foam; spray (s)poimno

fodder (green) keko

fog; foggy sneud

to fold; to hide; skin pel

fork of branch GaBlo

to follow seq

foot ped

force ank

to force, use force treg

to form a ball gel

form leig

four qetwer

fragile, harm ap

free; loose paus

to free selj

to freeze; cold gel(@)

to freeze; burn preus

to be friendly wer

frisky maKos

frog or fish spawn krek

front, brow ants

frost alG

frothing up Goilos

fruit of the body zreB

gable; head GeBel

to gain, earn alZ

gall bistle

to gape cwek

garlic; leek prso

to gather; collect lej

germ; sprout teuk

to get over ter

to gird kenk

to gird kerd

to gird yO(u)s

to give ai

to give dO

to be glad gau

gland GelJ

to glisten BA

to glisten Belg

to glisten sweid

to glitter (s)pel

to glitter speng

to glitter aug

to glitter Beiz

to glitter Ber@c

to glitter Blei

to glitter BlEij

to glitter Bleiq

to glitter Bles

to glitter BlEu

to glitter; white; birch Ber@j

to glitter brightly dei

glittering arj

glittering; brown Ber

glittering white Bel

glowing ash perk

glowing coal gulo

glue koli

gnat mako

gnat; bee emBi

to gnaw Gen

gnawing insect ter

to go ei

to go sent

to go; come zA

to go; stride wAD

to go, year at

to go energetically om@

to go away; die leit

goat diG

goat aij

goat kajo

goat (male) aj

goat (male) kapro

goat (male) BuGos

goat (male) er

goat (male) Gaido

goatskin baita

god (name of) pAuson

golden colour kn@ko

good wesu

good Bad

good mA

good; well su

good; able esus

goose Jan-s

to grab rep

grain yewo

grain; kernel pUro

grain (type of) ades

grain (type of) arenko

to grant; possess lE(i)

to grasp gem

to grasp derG

to grasp ap

to grasp kap

to grasp kaG

to grasp GreB

to grasp; seize Gend

to grasp; seize merc

to grasp for sth. neud

grass coino

grass (type of) aira

grass (type of), oats awij

gravel; grit corkA

grease; fat smeru

greedy las

greedy; violent preg

to turn green tAl

grey cas

grey sal

grey smel

grey pel

grey ker

to grind mel

to grind al

to grind one's teeth zrEuJ

to grip Greib

to grip; seize Jer

groin ili

ground BuDmen

grove, small wood kwres

to grow cer

to grow werD

to grow; awaken ger

to grow; fruit Og

to grow; high er@d

to grow; prosper Beu

to grow; green GrE

to grow, make al

to grow up leuD

to growl Der

to growl; snarl (s)ner

gruff BOrzos

to grumble der

to grunt gru

guest; stranger Gostis

guilt; duty DlG

to be guilty (s)kel

to hack; hoe remb

hair kais

hail grOd

hair pilo

hair (curly) GaitA

hair (stiff) pulo

hair; beard wenD

hair; bristle DriG

hair; wool wel

half sEmi

hand Jesor

hand m@r

hand gow@

hand; arm Jesto

to hang kor

to hang slack leb

to hang down (s)leup

to happen weik

to be happy Gleu

hard kal

hard karkar

to harm Dwer

harm; crime Jal

to have room telp

hazel koslo

head kaput

to heal yEk

healthy sanos

heap muk

to hear cleu

heart kered

heat kai

heath; free land lenD

heavy zer

heavy; burdensome smog

to be heavy; pregnant swenk

hedgehog eJi

heel persnA

heel, back of knee; kenk

hello ala

to help celb

to help, enable cak

to help; use nA

helping; serving slougo

to hem in; narrow sten

henbane Bel

her yu

to hesitate mel

to hew mai

to hew twei

to hide cel

to hide BerJ

to be hidden lA

high; noble BereJ

to hiss (s)treig

to hit teleJ

to hit DelG

to hit per

to hit plAk

to hit BAt

to hit Bau

to hit Bei

to hit krek

to hit kret

to hit weD

to hit wA

to hit wraJ

to hit slak

to hit (s)leig

to hit Blaj

to hit Blij

to hit; cuff (s)kai

to hit, hew kel

to hit, hew kAu

to hit; sharp pEu

to hit; thrust Den

to hit; wound Ben

to hit; weaken Belu

hoarse branG

hoarse ker

to hobble (s)keng

hoe; mattock maT

to hold yem

to hold Der

to hold twer

to hold; grasp ped

to hold fast seJ

to hold in lap klEp

hollow Del

hollow kaul

hollow, cave antrom

hollow like a pipe twiB

to hollow out ereb

honey meDu

honey melit

hoof kaPo

hook klEu

hoot, owl-noise u

to hop; tremble leig

hornless cem

horse marko

horse ecwos

to be hostile peij

hot; warm Zer

to be hot; shine jwer

house weic

to howl kau

to howl BlE

howl ul

to hum; buzz Ber

to hum; croon kem

human being manus

to humble kau

humming sound mu

humming insect BOuqos

hungry el

to hunt; desire yaG

hurdle mand

to hurry sperJ

to hurt pE(i)

husband's brother dAiwer

husband's mother swekru

husband's sister jlOw

I ej

ice yeg

ice Gel@d

ice eis

in en

to incline kneiZ

to increase aweg

to be influenced mE

to injure DeB

to injure recT

to injure; damage skET

intelligence dens

to intend mEuD

intestines Eter

intestines; stomach Gel-ond

intestines arwa

to itch deiJ

jay kik

jaw GelunA

joint of animal rEito

jug; pot kelp

juice seu

to jump cAk

to jump sel

to jump skEt

to jump (s)kek

to jump (s)cel

to jump (s)ker

to jump bruq

to jump Der

to jump preu

to jump happily Zemb

to jut out bel

to jut out Ger

jutting object Bar

kernel; corn etn

to kindle, set alight ceu

kiss ku

to knead men(@)k

to knead maj

to knead mAk

to knead clay DeiZ

knee jenu

to knit; knot mesg

lack eg

to lack; empty eu

lake eJero

lamb aZnos

lame sromo

to lament eig

lard; fat lai

lattice-work krom

to laugh sward

to lay down klA

to lead nei

to lead weD

to lead, show the way cas

leaf; bloom Bel

to lean; bow clei

to lean on reid

leather letro

leather bag molko

to leave behind lE(i)

to leave behind sek

to leave behind sew@

to leave behind lEu

left, on the left laiwo

left sewyo

leg; bone kost

leprosy trudes

to lessen; small mei

lest mE

to let; leave over leiq

to let fly at sth. yet

to lick leiJ

to lick lab

to lick lak

to lie; camp cei

to lie; camp gol

to lie down leG

life force aiw

light; pale Bl@idos

to light Del

to light ceuk

light (in movement) leZ

lightning melD

to like aw

to like; love leuB

to like; spare prAi

to lift; weigh tel

to like; desire kA

limb mel

limb of body lek

to line up ser

linen lino

lips bu

liquid; wine cormno

to live zey

liver yeqr(t)

living-space sel

lofty ok

loins; kidney lenD

long spE

long del

long and thin mac

to look derc

to look at Jwelg

to look out for jab

loose er

lord ario

loud tor

louse knid

louse lus

lump geng

lumpy; knot piko

lung plumon

to lurk meug

to make; form qer

man wiros

man, life-force ner

maple kleno-

to mark; distinguish peig

marrow; brain mosgo

to marry jem

master; lord potis

maternal grandfather awos

me me

to measure med

to measure mE

to melt tA

metal GelJ

metal ayos

to meet mOd

middle meDi

middle me

milk glag

milk swEid

to milk, wipe melj

to miss; deceive mel

miserable; naked koilo

mist; steam BOlo

mistake mend(A)

mite; louse erek

to mix meic

to mix yeu

to mix cer@

to mix ceuc

to mock; scorn gang

to moisten mereG

month mEnOt

mother mAter

mother mA

to be mouldy el

mountain zer

mouse gli

mouse; muscle mUs

mouth stomen

mouth Ous

to move weG

to move, hurry reB

to move, set in motion kEi

to move, set in motion er

to move, meal pel

to move forward deu

to move violently yeuD

to move violently aig

to move violently eis

to mow mE

mud zeiD

mud il

mud; mire cwei

mud; swamp pen

mud; swamp BOG

muddy cwel

mummy akka

mummy amma

mummy, daddy atos

to murmur mormor

mussel conKo

nail; penis gwosd

naked BOsos

naked noz

name en(o)mn

nape of the neck auG

narrow anJ

narrow; thin (s)nEBri

navel eneB

near to epi

near to e

neck mono

to need a(i)J

needy elg

needy; sad; ill leig

nephew nepOt

new newos

next to, behind infront pos

night neq(t)

nine e-neuen

nipple; breast speno

noose, bow ansa

north wind cEwero

nose nas

to notice teu

to notice seq

to notice wer

now nu

now, therefore ar

nut ar

oak aig

oak perqus

oak zel

oath leuG

to offer a drink spend

old sen(o)

old man stru

older member of family DEDE

on each other krA(u)

one; together sm

one-eyed kai-ko

oneself, for oneself seni

onion kerem

to open rew@

opinion meino

opposite; towards poti

orphan orBo

other, there an

out of eJs

over; above uper

to overflow spreig

to overpower zey@

to pack dEg

pail (wooden) (s)pen

pain; illness sAi

pale; split zeru

pan skorDo

to pant cwes

to pant; breathe pneu

to parade; show off pl@i

to pass away DE

to pass away Deu

passage, narrow place kalni

to pasture pOi

to pay attention to sterg

pea cicer

pea; legume erezo

pebble kaGlo

peg keg

peg; wedge DeuB

peel; skin lep

to peel; break off leup

pelt nak

penis dumb

penis pes

to perish Zdei

piece of land kAp

pig sUs

pig porco

to pile up qei

pillar cion

to pinch ken

pipe aulos

pipe twO(u)

pit; hollow GeweyA

pitiful; small (s)kerD

to place stel

place to stay meit

to plait tec

to plait plec

to plait; weave mer

to plait kat

to plait; string cer

to plait; weave aw

to plait; weave resg

to plait, weave tek

plaited container kistO

plaited work qasio

plaited work serk

plant; root mO(u)lo

plant (type of) cwenDro

plant (type of) kemero

to play; joke leid

pleased, well inclined ans

pledge waD

pliable lento

to plot; originate ent

to plough ar(@)

ploughshare woZnis

to pluck pec

plug; pin geneB

pointed (s)tei

pointed; stake cU

to poke; hit Beld

pole; stick; stem rEt

polecat jeJ

pole; mast masdos

pole; rod Jasto

pole; stake (s)teg

pole; stem perg

pole; stick perT

pole; stick cem

poplar werna

poppy mak(en)

to possess eik

post steB

pot for cooking auq

pot; vat BiD

to pour pel

to pour lei

to pour Jeu

to pour out seiq

to pour out seip

to praise aloud steu

to praise aloud kar

to prattle plab

to prattle blat

to pray melD

pregnant animal aJ

to prepare (s)keu

to prepare sen

to press (s)peud

to press DenG

to press down ub

to press together puk

to press; crowd wel

to press; crush greut

to press; maltreat (s)lez

to press; pain kleic

to press together tap

to press together gen

to press together kem

to prettify, make happy pec

to prick (s)teig

to prick skwerb

prickly plant (s)tern

to produce jen

to promote; hurry jeu

to prosper treu

to protect ser

to protect kaD

to protect areq

puddle; ditch laku

puddle; swamp lama

to pull spei

to pull (s)pen(d)

to pull tenG

to pull tenk

to pull deuk

to pull drAG

to pull selk

to pull Drej

to pull trAG

to pull trek

to pull welk

to pull out pleus

to punch, thrust stem

to purify peu

to push neu

to push telek

to push away mew

to put tAg

to put away Beug

to quack; croak kwak

quail wortoko

to quake reirei

quick Beres

quick; violent Etro

quickly Ocus

to quiver ter

to quiver spe(n)d

to quiver sper

to quiver sperd

to quiver (s)pereg

to quiver tres

rag kenT

to rage raB

to rage; tower up kel

raging lEut

raised place wer

rape (vegetable) rAp

raw; coarse; bitter om

to reach enek

to reach DenG

to reach; grip seik

to reach somewhere top

to recognise jen

red reuD

red ser

to reduce; small men

reed nedo

reed yoini

reed trus

reed arom

relatives an

relative pAsos

religious concept DEs

to remain men

to renounce ar

to reproach memB

resin zet

resin ziu

to resound ras

to resound Grem

to resound Bel

to resound Jwen

to resound swein

to respect ais

to respect; punish qei

to rest rem

to rest er@

to rest comfortably qey@

to revile kar

to revile; abuse ono

revulsion Gers

reward; pay misDo

rib; breast perc

to ride a vehicle reiD

right place yeuni

ring ano

to rip renD

to rip off plEc

to rip up ereu

to rip up; dig reu

to rip; rag (s)perh

to rip up; open perc

to rip to pieces dec

to rise men

river, flowing water BOg

to roast; bake Ber

to rob; rub mer

rock pelis

rock; stone lep

rod loj

roof crapo

root (edible) mrk

rope DO(u)

to rot merk

to rot; stink pu

rotten jer

round object gag

to be roused Geis

row; herd cerDo

to row; oar er@

to rub Ger

to rub Grem

to rub; bore ter

to rub off Bes

to rub past GrEu

to ruminate; throat resmen

to run der

to run DreG

to run cers

to run; flow Den

to run; flow pleu

to run; flow teq

to run; flow Deu

to run; flow Zder

to run; roll ret

to run away Bez

to run off (water) sek

sacrificial animal dipro

sad, afflicted seug

sad, out of humour aig

salt sal

to sanctify sak

sap; resin s(w)eqos

to satisfy oneself terp

scab kreup

scent anJen

to scent neuks

to scent out sAg

to scorn lenG

to scrape geleB

to scrape; gnaw rEd

to scratch kars

to scratch rei

to scratch gred

to scratch; comb kes

to scratch; comb kaic

to scratch; dig GreB

to scratch; slit meuc

to scratch; slit Jer

to scratch skin ken

to scream rei

sea mori

to secrete clep

to see der(p)

to see wel

to see weid

to see oq

to see reg

to see; look Dey@

to seek ereu

to seethe seu

to seize am

to seize GaB

to seize laB

to seize; grasp (s)laz

to sell leik

to sell; earn pel

to separate weiD

to set DE

to set in motion swem

to settle ctei

seven septm

to sew syU

shadow skot

to shake (s)kut

to shake kwEt

to shake wyeT

to shake kret

to shake kreut

to shake erG

to shake twei

to share ar

sharp Bag

to sharpen cEi

sharp; pointed (s)pEi

sharp-edged sraqto

to sharpen DO

sheep owis

sheep; pelt moisos

sheep wren

sheath wag

to shimmer scAi

to shimmer JwOq

shin-bone kon@mo

to shine ceu

to shine crei

to shine aws

to shine cwei

to shine Jwoiz

to shine lA(i)p

to shine kand

to shine, light wlek

to shine; light leuk

to shine; look stilp

to shine; (colour) Jel

shining bright Deu

ship nAus

to shit; hole Ged

shoes; leather ker(@)p

short mreJu

short; small Jer

shoulder; hip peg

shoulder; arm; thigh (s)teiz

shoulder cup

shoulder omsos

to shout keu@d

to shout, raise voice zer(@)

to shout; scream klEg

to shout; loud (s)pel

to show deic

to show; be visible par

to; shriek, cry wag

to shriek waG

to shrink, make small pris

to shrivel up kerc

to shrivel up (s)keut

to shrivel up lerd

to shut wer

to shut away areg to

to shut in bronk

to shut off werj

sickle ser

to sieve sEi

to sift; riddle tew@

to sigh enq

significant talk ai

to be silent tak

sinew ziyA

to sing kan

to sing senZ

to sing gE

to sing; rejoice Bend

to sink in deu

to sip sreB

sister swesor

sister-in-law yen@ter

to sit Es

to sit sed

six swecs

skilled manually kerd

skin zEi

skin twakos

skin; leather bag mak

to skin der

skull mreGm(n)o

slack lEs

slack klem

slack (s)lEg

slack (s)leu

slack Bleus

slack; silly BlAg

slanting d@Jmos

slanting skeiB

slanting d@Jmo

to slant; slope ceip

to sleep drE

to sleep swep

to sleep zreig

to sleep sneud

to slide sleuB

to slide (s)leuj

to slide; slippery (s)leiD

slimy zEB

slimy lei

to slip meug

to slit gereB

slow tulo

small pOu

small, weak alp

small animal mElo

to smash Beg

to smear smE

to smear leip

to smell Brag

to smell od

to smell swek

to smell ZrE

to smile (s)mei

to smoke ked

to smoke (s)meuK

to smoke kew@p

smooth; even lerg

to smoulder swel

to smoulder smel

snake nEtr

snake anzi

sneeze pster

to sneeze skeu

to snore srenk

snow sneiZ

snow; winter Jei

soft; tender glej

soft; mild mei

sole of foot swel

something bent arqu

something of sticks plouto

soon mocs

to sort out weik

sober nAZ

to sound reiB

to sound; bellow ned

to sound; drone Dwen

to sound; hear Gous

sour; bitter sUro

to sow seg

space; room ket

span of hand der

spar (s)per

to sparkle cad

sparrow; finch (s)pingo

sparrow (?) name of bird sper(g)

to speak BA

to speak aw

to speak yek

to speak weq

to speak swer

to speak ej

to speak formally wer

to speak formally eweZ

spear aic

speckled perc

to spin kol@

spirit ansu

spiritual depression cAd

to splash wren

spleen; milt spelJ

to split (s)ked

to split er(e)k

to split (s)pelg

to split Beid

to split (s)plei

to split del

to split; cut (s)kep

to spit; spew (s)pyEu

to split off (s)ken(d)

to split off plE

to split off (s)pel

spongy swomBos

spots (bright and dark) kel

to spout sreD

to spray per

to spray pers

to spray; wet sclEk

to spread out ster

to spread legs (s)pleiJ

spring wesr

to sprinkle lac

to sprinkle aw

to sprout jEi

to sprout anD

to sprout weis

to sprout Breu

to spy; watch spec

to squash Dlas

to squash treud

to squeak pip

squirrel; weasel wer

to stab eres

to stab cent

to stab kel

to stab DEiz

to stab zel

to stab; bite geij

to stab; box peuc

to stab; bore qed

to stab; dig BeD

to stab; needle Delg

to stab, stick wes

to stab; tickle geid

staff (as support) bak

to stain; dirty mai

stake steiB

stake arD

stake swer

stake ceipo

stake; beam rEp

stake; shaft ei

stall Gom

to stamp; thrust deP

to stamp into pieces kseud

to stand stA

to stand stAk

to stand out Berem

to stand up stiff Brej

star ster

to stare Jers

starling storos

statute; rule yewos

to stay overnight au

to steal; rob ster

to steal; act secretly (s)tAi

stem odgo

stem; reed col@mos

to step back; shy tyez

stick Jaiso

stick; club lorgA

stick; stalk steG

stick (hammer-shaped) keku

stiff streig

stiff; rigid (s)ter

to be still; calm tel

to stink smerd

stomach reuto

stone lEu

stone, gravel jeis

stone; rock ond

to stop streig

straight rej

to strain awE

to strangle Dau

strap cik

to streak past Gren

to stream ser

strength apelo

strength (of youth) yezA

to stretch temp

to stretch ten

to stretch tens

to stretch; totter reik

to stretch out reij

to stretch out pet

to stretch out; broad stel

to stretch out hand for tek

to strew; sow (s)per

to stride GreD

to stride JenG

strip El

strip; beam ster

striped rei

to strive ken

to strive wen

to stroke GrEi

to stroke Breuc

to stroke krei

to stroke melk

strong aBr

strong bel

strong krEp

strong weik

strong; big mel

to be strong wal

to be strong wej

to struggle maJ

to stuff full Bareq

to stumble sKel

stunned tem

stunted; curtailed mutos

stupid mO(u)ro

to suck jeid

to suck bdel

to suck(le) DEi

to suck(le); breast mend

to suffer qenT

sulky treisti

sulphur swelplos

summer sem

summer; harvest espen

sun sawel

to support skaB

to surge Breu

to swallow qem

to swallow (s)leug

to swallow zer

to swallow swel(k)

swamp; lake selos

swamp; blackish leug

swamped by water kapo

to swarm qel

to swarm; swell werj

to sweat sweid

to sweep oBel

sweet dlku

sweet swAd

to swell Breus

to swell bab

to swell bamb

to swell bed

to swell BelJ

to swell zrenD

to swell Zen

to swell oid

to swell pank

to swell melJ

to swell med

to swell ceu

to swell tEu

to swell up BrenD

swelling gwet

swelling kau(@)lA

swift aB

swift; rapid peim(i)

to swill cleu

to swing; spin dey@

to swirl menT

swollen; thick polo

sword nsis

to take dec

to take em

to take; seize sel

to take as booty kAu

to talk zet

to talk; call Or

to talk; reveal tolq

to tame dem@

to tarry; live wes

to taste smeg

to taste sap

to taste; enjoy jeus

to taste something mels

tear dacru

tear acru

to tear wel

to tear up; open wer

to tear to pieces lEk

to tell lies leuG

ten decm

tender; weak ter

tendril; trap lEk

tense; tight strenk

testicle orJi

that eno

that, other au

the to

the; this so(s)

thick; firm Deb

thick; big zretso

thick; dense BenJ

thick-haired puk

thigh; leg crUs

thin tenus

to become thin cak

thin shaft cel

thing rent

thing wekti

thing, possession rei

to think men

to think; feel tong

to think about menD

to think of (s)mer

this co

thorn ceub

thorn skwoy

thorn wraJ

thou tu

thousand Jeslo

to threaten terz

three trei

throat Brug

throat lauko

through ter

to throw smeit

to throw swep

to throw yE

to throw sceu

to throw; toss kseip

to throw; strew wep

to throw shoot skeub

to throw; shoot (s)keud

to thrust wreg

to thrust; hit kreu

to thrust; hit (s)teu

to thrust; injure zeD

to thrust together zei

thrush trosdos

to thrust trenk

thud, dull noise bu

thud, dull noise deup

thunder, loud noise (s)ten

to tie reig

to tie weD

to tie wer

to tie dE

to tie sEi

to tie mei

to tie; bind leig

to tie; bind BenD

to tie up yeu

tip bend

tip agro-

tip eD

tip, sting ardi

to tire; rest kerm

to tire, make tired cem(@)

tired; weak mauro

to, with o

tongue dnJu

to torment kreg

to torment DreG

torment; pain cormo

torso, upper body cer

to totter keuB

to totter ceu

to totter; shake del

to touch tag

to touch; press DeuG

to tower; jut out krek

to tower up rek

to track; furrow leis

to trail wers

to trample peis

to tread; go pent

to tread down men

tree nozo

tree deru

tree wiDu

tree (type of) Danu

tree (type of) ptelya

to tremble DreuG

to tremble Del

to trickle stag

to trip trem

to trip; trample trep

to trouble oneself mO

trough alD

truly sme

to tumble down pet

to turn wenD

to turn wei

to turn weid

to turn weip

to turn weis

to turn wel

to turn wer

to turn DerJ

to turn swerB

to turn terk

to turn twer

to turn genG

to turn kwerp

to turn qel

to turn (s)ner

to turn snEu

to turn ger

to turn jers

to turn pelc

to turn kert

to turn; wrap wes

to turn; wind sper

to turn; twist ned

to turn away trep

turtle Gel-Ou

twenty wicmti

twig BruGno

twig; bough gol

twig; branch wrAd

twig; branch lej

twig (thin & pliable) ciP

twig (pliable) Jalg

to twine threads (s)nE

to twist to rope snEp

to twitter cwei

two dwO

udder EuD

under nDos

to understand pret

to unite GeD

to unite nes

unpleasant aG

unripe yElo

unwilling skeud

unwilling; vexed dreJ

up to eBi

upwards ud

to urinate (s)tel

to urinate meiJ

to vault kwelp

to vault reB

vault; breast krUt

vein; tendon Zei@

to venerate deu

to venerate yag

vessel gan(D)

vessel pel

vexacious merk

victory BOuDi

vine ort

vine; stem tris

to vomit wem

vulva pisdA

vulture zltur

to wade Bred

to wander keleu

to wander about al

to wander; go mei

to wane wenD

to want Zel

to want lE(i)

to want; wish wek

to want; choose wel

war; army koros

to ward off aleq

to be warm tep

warm wel

warm time; summer lEto

to warm; roast BE

to wash trenk

to wash neiz

to wash lou

wasp woBsA

to watch closely spej

water ab

water ap

water aqa

water wep

water course ad(u)

to wave hand mA

wavy salo

wax kAr

wax wokso

we ne

we we

weak; miserable wai

weak; miserable BlEu

weasel kec

to weave weg

to weave weB

to weave; plait Ber

weed Gers

to weep klau

to well up Ber

well-disposed meG

wet melk

wet element triy@to

to wet teng

wetness; spring lenD

whale, large fish (s)qalos

to whirl bal

to whistle (wind) sUs

to whistle; pipe swei

white alBo

whole solo

whole, well kailo

wide wer

wide; long wasd

wild animal Jwer

wild boar epero

to wind derB

to wind around kelg

to wind; turn sleuk

wine JElA

to winnow grain neik

to wish ais

to wish; want kwoi

to wither wei

without eneu

wizard BlaJ-men

woe; wolf wai

wolf wlqos

womb zelB

woman zena

to woo; marry sneuB

wood; forest kaito

wood (piece of) pin

wool; flock BlOk

wool; woollen garment mel

woollen pelpo

to work der@

to work DerB

to work op

to work, do werj

to work with sharp tool Ber

worm demel

worm; maggot qrmi

to worry kois

to worry about sth leg

to be worth Gel-tO

to wound; injure cer

to wrinkle up (s)ker

to yawn Jan

to yawn JE

to yawn JEu

year en

year wet

year, to go at

yellow; brown badyos

yesterday Jdyes

young of animal JAZ

young yeu

young maGos

young man meryo

(onomatopoeia) wi

(onomatapoeia) lep

(onomatapoeia) lEu

(onomatopoeia) Ger

(onomatapoeia) kneug

(onomatapoeia) lA

(onomatopoeia) (s)lrg

(onomatapoeia) el

(exclamation) ai

(exclamation) ha

(exclamation) e

(exclamation) ei

(exclamation) ehem

(exclamation) O

(exclamation of pain) au

(exclamation of joy) yu

(exclamation; laughter) KaKa

(laughter) haha

(cry of joy) eu

(lulling word) nana

(sounds) Blosq

(high cries) mei

(demonstrative) de

(demonstrative) e

(interrog or relative) qo

(negative particle) ne

(particle) qene

(particle) well! ka

(emphasis) Be

(emphasis) Ge